Q2/2021 - NATO

Eröffnung der NATO-Cyberakademie, Oeiras/Portugal, 26. Mai 2021

Am 26. Mai 2021 eröffnete NATO-Generalsekretär Jens Stoltenberg in Anwesenheit des portugiesischen Ministerpräsidenten die neue NATO-Cyberakademie in Oeiras, Portugal. Diese neue Bildungseinrichtung, die der NATO Communications and Information Agency mit Sitz in Brüssel und Den Haag unterstellt ist, soll dem Führungspersonal aus den NATO-Ländern helfen, die Herausforderungen eines möglichen Cyberkrieges besser zu verstehen.

  • Das Motto der Akademie lautet „Smart Training for Smart Defence“. Die Mission der Akademie ist „to manage, coordinate and deliver education and training services to NATO and the nations and internal staff in support of NATO strategic, operational and business objectives.“ Die Vision der NATO-Cyberakademie ist „to develop and deliver world-class C4ISR & Cyber Education and Training Services across the NATO enterprise“.
  • NATO-Generalsekretär Jens Stoltenberg sagte bei der Eröffnung, dass die NATO als erfolgreichstes Verteidigungsbündnis der Weltgeschichte immer mit der Zeit gegangen sei und auf neue technologische Herausforderungen die jeweils relevanten Antworten gefunden habe. [1] Die Einrichtung der NATO-Cyberakademie war bereits 2017 beschlossen wurden. Sie hat über 100 Angestellte und wird Außenstellen in Den Haag, Mons und Stavanger haben. Sie bietet drei Arten von Diensten an:
    • Individual Training in the field of C4ISR and Cyber, on site at our new Academy facility in Oeiras or in our other locations, online or on-the-job.
    • Collective Training and Exercise services, including support for the NATO Education Training Exercises & Evaluation (ETEE) software suite.
    • Learning Innovation and Development services, to assist NATO and Nations in modernizing the methods and infrastructure related to training delivery.“ [2]

NATO-Gipfeltreffen, Brüssel, 15. Juni 2021

Am 15. Juni 2021 fand das jährliche NATO-Gipfeltreffen in Brüssel statt. Im Abschluss-Kommuniqué des Gipfels wird die Cyberstrategie der NATO, wie sie seit dem NATO-Gipfel 2016 in Warschau entwickelt wurde, bekräftigt. Das Kommuniqué unterstreicht, das Cyberbedrohungen und hybride Angriffe auf NATO-Staaten in den letzten Jahren zugenommen haben. Die Staats- und Regierungschefs bekräftigen, dass Artikel 5 des NATO-Vertrages, nachdem ein Angriff auf ein Land wie ein Angriff auf alle Länder zu betrachten ist und somit den kollektiven Verteidigungsfall auslöst, auch für Cyberangriffe gilt, allerdings auf einer Fall-zu-Fall-Basis. Als eine Bedrohung werden nicht nur verdeckte und hybride Angriffe gesehen, sondern auch Desinformationskampagnen, die die westliche Gesellschaft und ihre Institutionen unterminieren sollen. [3] Insbesondere Russland [4], aber auch China wird vorgeworfen, sich in die Angelegenheit der NATO-Staaten einzumischen. [5] Dies unterminiere die strategische Stabilität, verletze das Völkerrecht und stehe im Widerspruch zu einer auf Regeln basierten internationalen Ordnung („rules based international order“).

Mehr zum Thema
Q2/2021
  1. [1] NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg inaugurates new cyber academy, Oeiras, 26. Mai 2021: “NATO is the most successful Alliance in history for different reasons, but one of the most important reasons is that we have always been able to change, adapt and to maintain our technological edge. And this cyber academy is helping to do exactly that also for the future. It helps to train, educate personnel in different cyber skills – the future personnel that our alliance is so dependent on." In: https://de.rt.com/international/118170-nato-generalsekretaer-stoltenberg-weiht-neue-cyber-akademie-ein/ und in: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_184118.htm
  2. [2] NCI Academy, in: https://www.ncia.nato.int/what-we-do/nci-academy.html
  3. [3] Brussels Summit Communiqué issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Brüssel am 14. Juni 2021: „Cyber threats to the security of the Alliance are complex, destructive, coercive, and becoming ever more frequent. This has been recently illustrated by ransomware incidents and other malicious cyber activity targeting our critical infrastructure and democratic institutions, which might have systemic effects and cause significant harm. To face this evolving challenge, we have today endorsed NATO’s Comprehensive Cyber Defence Policy, which will support NATO’s three core tasks and overall deterrence and defence posture, and further enhance our resilience. Reaffirming NATO’s defensive mandate, the Alliance is determined to employ the full range of capabilities at all times to actively deter, defend against, and counter the full spectrum of cyber threats, including those conducted as part of hybrid campaigns, in accordance with international law. We reaffirm that a decision as to when a cyber attack would lead to the invocation of Article 5 would be taken by the North Atlantic Council on a case-by-case basis. Allies recognise that the impact of significant malicious cumulative cyber activities might, in certain circumstances, be considered as amounting to an armed attack. We remain committed to act in accordance with international law, including the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, and international human rights law as applicable. We will promote a free, open, peaceful, and secure cyberspace, and further pursue efforts to enhance stability and reduce the risk of conflict by supporting international law and voluntary norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace. We will make greater use of NATO as a platform for political consultation among Allies, sharing concerns about malicious cyber activities, and exchanging national approaches and responses, as well as considering possible collective responses. If necessary, we will impose costs on those who harm us. Our response need not be restricted to the cyber domain. We will enhance our situational awareness to support NATO’s decision-making. Resilience and the ability to detect, prevent, mitigate, and respond to vulnerabilities and intrusions is critical, as demonstrated by malicious cyber actors’ exploitation of the COVID-19 pandemic. NATO as an organisation will therefore continue to adapt and improve its cyber defences. Five years since the adoption of our Cyber Defence Pledge, we remain committed to uphold strong national cyber defences as a matter of priority. We continue to implement cyberspace as a domain of operations. We will enhance the effective integration of sovereign cyber effects, provided voluntarily by Allies, into collective defence and Alliance operations and missions, in the framework of strong political oversight. We will further seek to develop mutually beneficial and effective partnerships as appropriate, including with partner countries, international organisations, industry, and academia, furthering our efforts to enhance international stability in cyberspace. We welcome the recent opening of the NATO Communications and Information Academy in Portugal.“ In: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_185000.htm?selectedLocale=en
  4. [4] Brussels Summit Communiqué issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Brüssel am 14. Juni 2021: „In addition to its military activities, Russia has also intensified its hybrid actions against NATO Allies and partners, including through proxies. This includes attempted interference in Allied elections and democratic processes; political and economic pressure and intimidation; widespread disinformation campaigns; malicious cyber activities; and turning a blind eye to cyber criminals operating from its territory, including those who target and disrupt critical infrastructure in NATO countries. It also includes illegal and destructive activities by Russian Intelligence Services on Allied territory, some of which have claimed lives of citizens and caused widespread material damage.“ In: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_185000.htm?selectedLocale=en
  5. [5] Brussels Summit Communiqué issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Brüssel am 14. Juni 2021: „We face multifaceted threats, systemic competition from assertive and authoritarian powers, as well as growing security challenges to our countries and our citizens from all strategic directions. Russia’s aggressive actions constitute a threat to Euro-Atlantic security; terrorism in all its forms and manifestations remains a persistent threat to us all. State and non-state actors challenge the rules-based international order and seek to undermine democracy across the globe. Instability beyond our borders is also contributing to irregular migration and human trafficking. China’s growing influence and international policies can present challenges that we need to address together as an Alliance. We will engage China with a view to defending the security interests of the Alliance. We are increasingly confronted by cyber, hybrid, and other asymmetric threats, including disinformation campaigns, and by the malicious use of ever-more sophisticated emerging and disruptive technologies. “ In: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_185000.htm?selectedLocale=en