Q2/2021 - Britische G7-Präsidentschaft

G7-Gipfeltreffen, Carbis Bay, 11. – 13. Juni 2021

Das erste physische Gipfeltreffen der G7 seit Ausbruch der Pandemie fand unter britischer Präsidentschaft vom 11. bis 13. Juni 2021 in Carbis Bay statt. Nach dem Amtsantritt des neuen US-amerikanischen Präsidenten Joe Biden diente es als eine Orientierung und Neu-Justierung westlicher Politik in einer sich verändernden Welt mit Blick auf die Überwindung der Folgen der Pandemie, dem Klimawandel und neuen geo-strategischen Herausforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Politik Chinas und Russlands. Internet Governance relevante Fragen standen bei vier Themenkomplexen auf der Tagesordnung: Zukunft der Demokratie, Cybersicherheit, digitale Wirtschaft und zukünftige Herausforderungen. Das „Carbis Bay G7 Summit Communique“ fasst auf 25 Seiten in insgesamt 70 Paragraphen die Gipfelergebnisse zusammen. [1] Mit der vom G7-Gipfel beschlossenen Agenda „Build Back Better for the World“ (B3W) soll ein Gegengewicht zur chinesischen „Seidenstraßen-Initiative“ – die auch das Projekt einer „digitalen Seidenstraße“ enthält – geschaffen werden.

  • Im Abschnitt zur Zukunft der Demokratie wird auf die westlichen Grundwerte verwiesen, die im internationalen Dialog stärker zum Tragen kommen müssten. Dabei wird auf ein freies Internet verwiesen. „We will work together as part of an ongoing agenda towards a trusted, values-driven digital ecosystem for the common good that enhances prosperity in a way that is sustainable, inclusive, transparent and human-centric. In doing so we will make it a sustained strategic priority to update our regulatory frameworks and work together with other relevant stakeholders, including young people, to ensure digital ecosystems evolve in a way that reflects our shared values. We commit to preserve an open, interoperable, reliable and secure internet, one that is unfragmented, supports freedom, innovation and trust which empowers people.“[2] 
  • In den Abschnitten zur Cybersicherheit werden die Verhandlungen im Rahmen der UNO begrüßt und vor allem an China und Russland appelliert, Cyberangriffe einzustellen und von ihrem jeweiligen Territorium ausgehende cyberkriminelle Aktivitäten mit Erpressungssoftware zu unterbinden. [3] 
  • In den Abschnitten zur digitalen Wirtschaft wird die Einigung über die Reform des internationalen Steuersystems, das die Einführung einer globalen Digitalsteuer einschließt, begrüßt. Es wird der Erwartung Ausdruck verliehen, dass bei dem G20-Treffen der Finanzminister im Juli 2021 in Venedig grünes Licht für ein entsprechendes Abkommen gegeben wird. Zum digitalen Handel setzen sich die Staats- und Regierungschefs der G7 für eine reformierte Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) ein. Sie wollen sich bei der 12. WTO-Ministerkonferenz im November 2021 in Genf für substantielle Fortschritte bei den Verhandlungen für einen globalen Vertrag zu digitalem Datenhandel und eCommerce einsetzen. [4]
  • Die Behandlungen zukünftiger Herausforderungen ist ein Standardthema bei den G7-Gipfeltreffen. Erstmalig wurde im Rahmen der G7 dabei auf die strategische Bedeutung von digitalen technischen Standards bei der Weiterentwicklung des Internet eingegangen. Die Staats- und Regierungschefs sanktionierten das von den G7-Digitalministern im April 2021 verabschiedete „Framework for G7 Collaboration on Digital Technical Standards“. Im September 2021 soll in London ein „Future Tech Forum“ durch die G7 organisiert werden. Im November 2021 ist ein Gipfel zur künstlichen Intelligenz in Paris geplant. [5]

Treffen G7-Digitalminister, 28. April 2021

Beim virtuellen Treffen der G7-Digitalminister am 28. April 2021 wurde ein umfassendes Programm für eine mittelfristige Strategie zur Sicherung eines offenen und demokratischen Internet-Governance-Ecosystem verabschiedet. Das Programm enthält erstmalig auch den Vorschlag für ein Rahmenwerk zur Entwicklung digitaler technischer Standards. Das Programm enthält insgesamt sechs Bereiche:

  • Im Abschnitt „Promoting Secure, Resilient, and Diverse Digital, Telecoms, and ICT Infrastructure Supply Chains“ [6] geht es primär um die Sicherheit und Integrität von Lieferketten, vor allem beim Aufbau einer 5G-Infrastruktur. Verwiesen wird auf die „Prague Proposals“ von 2019 und die EU-5G-Toolbox. Es sollen „Points of Contacts“ (PoP) eingerichtet werden. Die Zusammenarbeit mit Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Zivilgesellschaft soll langfristig stabilisiert werden.
  • Im Abschnitt „A Framework for G7 Collaboration on Digital Technical Standards“ [7] setzen sich die Minister dafür ein, die Ausarbeitung digitaler technischer Standards in den Händen der Wirtschaft zu belassen: „The industry-led digital technical standards ecosystem has been a catalyst for the growth and adoption of the Internet and digital technologies“. Technische Standards würden auch Wertvorstellungen reflektieren. Daher wollen sich die G7-Staaten dafür einsetzen, dass zukünftige digitale technische Standards westliche Werte spiegeln. Das beträfe insbesondere die kontinuierliche Entwicklung eines offenen, interoperablen, vertrauenswürdigen, sicheren und unfragmentierten Internet, das Freiheit und Innovation fördert. Die Minister sprechen sich dagegen aus, technische Standardisierungsprozesse in zwischenstaatliche Gremien zu verlagern: „We firmly state our opposition to any government-imposed approaches that fundamentally seek to reshape the digital technical standards ecosystem.“ Sie betonen aber auch, dass Regierungen im Standardisierungsprozess eine Rolle spielen können und müssen: „Governments play an important role in supporting standardisation that bolsters open societies and democratic values in specific areas of digital technical standards development“. In einem eigenständigen Dokument „Annex 1: Framework for G7 Collaboration on Digital Technical Standards“ haben sich die G7-Digitalminister auf insgesamt zehn konkrete Vorhaben geeinigt:
    • We will identify shared interests in the development of digital technical standards and will promote national and international best practice for inclusive engagement in digital technical standards setting.
    • We will facilitate multi-stakeholder dialogue on important digital technical standards issues and the sharing of best practices that enable all relevant stakeholders to work together more effectively within the processes and fora used to develop standards.
    • We will support multi-stakeholder efforts and strategic communications activity to raise awareness of the importance of engaging in technical standards development.
    • We will contribute to specific areas of digital technical standards development as part of the multi-stakeholder community where there are significant real-world implications that could affect our citizens, our shared values as open and democratic societies, or our shared economic prosperity.
    • We will work with stakeholders towards more inclusive development and deployment of Internet protocols that contribute to and protect the continuing evolution of an open, interoperable, reliable, and secure Internet, one that is unfragmented, supports freedom, innovation and trust, and empowers people.
    • We will collaborate with stakeholders to track emerging digital technical standards proposals that may have a wider societal impact.
    • We will support stakeholders and SDOs to strengthen and uphold integrity in the development of digital technical standards. This includes ensuring that applicable technical standards consider existing internationally recognised digital technology norms and principles, such as: the OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence; the OECD Principles for Internet Policy Making; the WTO Agreement on TBT Code of Good Practice; and the TBT Committee Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards. These efforts would seek to add value through international alignment.
    • We will support capacity building among civil society and other experts to increase participation in digital technical standards development. HELP under-represented stakeholders to engage in relevant standards discussions to overcome barriers to entry, for example through including civil society representation in national delegations at key international fora.
    • We will support liaison and coordination between SDOs to avoid unnecessary duplication and maintain adherence to the WTO Agreement on TBT Code of Good Practice and the TBT Committee Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards.
    • We will support, where appropriate, existing internationally accepted principles for digital technologies being embedded in the development process for technical standards." [8] 
  • Im Abschnitt „A G7 Roadmap for Cooperation on Data Free Flow with Trust“ [9] setzen sich die G7-Digitalminister für den beim G20-Gipfel 2019 in Osaka von Japan eingebrachten Vorschlag für ein internationales Datenhandelsabkommen ein. Unter Berücksichtigung des Datenschutzes sollen „Best Practice“-Beispiele für einen freien Datenaustausch gesammelt werden. Analysiert werden sollen die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Konsequenzen von staatlichen Maßnahmen zur sogenannten „Data Localisation“.
  • Im Abschnitt „G7 Internet Safety Principles“ [10] wird hervorgehoben, dass eine größere Sicherheit im Internet-Ecosystem nur auf der Basis einer umfassenden Zusammenarbeit zwischen allen Stakeholdern aus Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, technischer Community und Zivilgesellschaft möglich ist. Diese Zusammenarbeit muss auf dem Respekt vor den Menschenrechten und grundlegenden individuellen Freiheiten basieren. Die G7-Digitalminister hoben acht Grundsätze hervor, auf denen eine verstärkte Zusammenarbeit sich gründen soll:
    • Fostering Human Rights Online
    • Multi-Stakeholder Approach
    • Corporate Responsibility
    • Transparency and Accountability
    • Research and Best Practice in Safety Technology
    • Protecting Children
    • Online Media Literacy
    • Youth Participation [11]
  • Im Abschnitt „Deepening Cooperation on Digital Competition“ [12] wird festgestellt, dass es primär der freie Wettbewerb ist, der Innovation im Internet-Governance-Ecosystem ermöglicht. Die freie Entwicklung der digitalen Märkte habe aber dazu geführt, dass Marktführer in einzelnen Segmenten entstanden sind, deren Marktmacht zu einer Wettbewerbsverzerrung führen kann. „There is increasing international concern that participants with significant market power can abuse that power to hold back digital markets and the wider economy“. Ausgebaut werden soll daher die Abstimmung zwischen staatlichen Aufsichtsbehörden, Kartellämtern und Regulierungsinstitutionen.
  • Im Abschnitt „A Framework for G7 Collaboration on Electronic Transferable Records“ [13] wird kritisiert, dass der größte Teil von wirtschaftlichen Transaktionen noch immer „auf Papier“ stattfindet. Das treibe Kosten hoch und sei eine Quelle für Verzögerung, Ineffektivität, Fehlern und Missbrauch. Die G7-Digitalminister wollen entsprechende globale Regelungen für einen elektronischen Transfer im Rahmen von UNCITRAL fördern.

Treffen G7-Außenminister, 5. Mai 2021

Beim Treffen der G7-Außenminister am 5. Mai 2021 in London standen Cybersicherheitsfragen und der Missbrauch des Internet für globale Desinformationskampagnen auf der Tagesordnung.

  • Russland wird aufgerufen, Cyberattacken zu unterlassen. [14] Eine ähnliche Aufforderung wird an China gerichtet. [15] Die Minister sprechen sich für eine Stärkung der Medienfreiheit ein und verurteilen „Internet-Shutdowns“ [16] 
  • In einem gesonderten Abschnitt äußern sich die Minister zu „Cyber Governance“. Begrüßt werden die Fortschritte bei den Cybersicherheitsverhandlungen im Rahmen der Vereinten Nationen, insbesondere die Ergebnisse der OEWG und der UN-GGE, die die Gültigkeit des Völkerrechts im Cyberspace bekräftigt hatten. Es käme nun darauf an, ein gemeinsames Verständnis zu entwickeln, WIE das Völkerrecht im Cyberspace angewendet werden soll. Alle Regelungen müssten auf dem Respekt vor den Menschenrechten und der individuellen Freiheiten basieren. Gestärkt werden soll die „Freedom Online Coalition“. [17]

Treffen G7-Handelsminister, 28. Mai 2021

Beim Treffen der G7-Handelsminister stand das Thema „Digitale Handel“ auf der Tagesordnung. Die G7-Handelsminister fordern, dass „digitale Märkte“ offen sein müssten, um Unternehmergeist und Innovation zu fördern. Abgelehnt wird ein „digitaler Protektionismus“. Gesetze zur „Data Localisation“ könnten negative Auswirkungen auf die Weltwirtschaft haben, insbesondere für klein- und mittelständische Unternehmen sowie für Startups. Regelungen müssten auf den Standards von Datenschutz, Schutz des geistigen Eigentums und Sicherheit basieren. Digitalisierung könne den Welthandel beschleunigen und sicherer machen. Die G7-Handelsminister setzen sich für eine Fortdauer des Verzichts auf Zölle für elektronische Transaktionen ein und unterstützen die entsprechenden Verhandlungen im Rahmen der OECD und der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO). Dabei sollten die Interessen der Entwicklungsländer angemessen berücksichtigt werden. [18]

Mehr zum Thema
Q2/2021
  1. [1] Carbis Bay G7 Communiqué: Our Shared Agenda for Global Action to Build Back Better, 13. Juni 2021, in: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/summit/2021cornwall/index.html
  2. [2] Carbis Bay G7 Communiqué: Our Shared Agenda for Global Action to Build Back Better, 13. Juni 20212. We will work together as part of an ongoing agenda towards a trusted, values-driven digital ecosystem for the common good that enhances prosperity in a way that is sustainable, inclusive, transparent and human-centric. In doing so we will make it a sustained strategic priority to update our regulatory frameworks and work together with other relevant stakeholders, including young people, to ensure digital ecosystems evolve in a way that reflects our shared values. We commit to preserve an open, interoperable, reliable and secure internet, one that is unfragmented, supports freedom, innovation and trust which empowers people. If used properly, technologies can help us strengthen health capacities, tackle environmental threats, widen access to education and open new economic opportunities. We will leverage these technologies to advance tech for the common good and promote digital literacy worldwide. We will strengthen coordination on and support for the implementation and development of global norms and standards to ensure that the use and evolution of new technologies reflects our shared democratic values and commitment to open and competitive markets, strong safeguards including for human rights and fundamental freedoms. We also affirm our opposition to measures which may undermine these democratic values, such as government-imposed internet shutdowns and network restrictions. We support the development of harmonised principles of data collection which encourage public and private organisations to act to address bias in their own systems, noting new forms of decision-making have surfaced examples where algorithms have entrenched or amplified historic biases, or even created new forms of bias or unfairness.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/summit/2021cornwall/index.html
  3. [3] Carbis Bay G7 Communiqué: Our Shared Agenda for Global Action to Build Back Better, 13. Juni 2021: „We call on Russia to urgently investigate and credibly explain the use of a chemical weapon on its soil, to end its systematic crackdown on independent civil society and media, and to identify, disrupt, and hold to account those within its borders who conduct ransomware attacks, abuse virtual currency to launder ransoms, and other cybercrimes.” In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/summit/2021cornwall/index.html
  4. [4] Carbis Bay G7 Communiqué: Our Shared Agenda for Global Action to Build Back Better, 13. Juni 2021: „We support multilateral and plurilateral agendas to address issues in the global trading system itself and shared global challenges. We support G7 Trade Ministers' efforts in this regard, and look forward to further work in the G20. Looking ahead to the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC12) in November, we will work with other WTO members to make progress on immediate issues, including reaching a meaningful conclusion to the multilateral negotiation on fisheries subsidies and advancing negotiations on e-commerce.” In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/summit/2021cornwall/index.html
  5. [5] Carbis Bay G7 Communiqué: Our Shared Agenda for Global Action to Build Back Better, 13. Juni 2021: „We call on the private sector to join us in our efforts and reaffirm our support for industry-led inclusive multi-stakeholder approaches to standard setting, in line with our values and principles which underpin these standards. As such, we welcome the Presidency's initiative of a 'Future Tech Forum' in September 2021 with the support of the OECD. The Forum will convene like-minded democratic partners to discuss the role of technology in supporting open societies and tackling global challenges. The Forum will support efforts to mitigate the risk of regulatory fragmentation and to facilitate coherency of our emerging technology ecosystems, and it will invite proposals for Leaders to consider in appropriate global fora. We support the aim to facilitate dialogue between governments, industry, academia, civil society and other key stakeholders. As such we will continue to take bold action to build more transparency in our technologies, building on the Open Government Partnership. Building on the work of the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) advanced by the Canadian and French G7 Presidencies in 2018 and 2019, we will aim to rally all partners around our open and human centric approach to artificial intelligence looking forward to the GPAI Summit in Paris in November 2021. To support effective standard-setting that reflects our core values and principles, we will strengthen our coordination, including by consulting with industry, with regards to engagement with and appointments to Standard Developing Organisations, where appropriate. We commit to better sharing of information and best practice, including between our national standards bodies, enhanced capacity building and support for multi-stakeholder participation in standard-setting. To this end, we endorse the Framework for G7 Collaboration on Digital Technical Standards.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/summit/2021cornwall/index.html
  6. [6] Ministerial Declaration, G7 Digital and Technology Ministers, 28. April 2021: „1. Promoting Secure, Resilient, and Diverse Digital, Telecoms, and ICT Infrastructure Supply Chains: 1.1 Digital and ICT infrastructure underpins modern societies and helps to deliver inclusive economic growth. The rapid pace of technological advancement is increasing dependence on such infrastructure, and therefore the need to assure its security, resilience, reliability and integrity. We are committed to working together, and with other international partners, to lead global efforts on this important agenda; 1.2. In our first discussion of this topic, we recognised the foundational role that telecommunications infrastructure, including 5G and future communication technologies, plays and will play in underpinning our wider digital and ICT infrastructure, and therefore the importance of assuring security and resilience in this critical technology layer in a long term and sustained manner. 1.3 To support this objective, we discussed options for promoting a more secure, resilient, diverse, competitive, transparent and sustainable digital and ICT infrastructure supply chain, particularly in global telecoms. We discussed that such infrastructures require a rigorous evaluation of equipment, consistent with existing measures such as those outlined in the Prague Proposals, and the EU's 5G toolbox. We also considered how to encourage innovation, and to actively explore the potential of emerging open and interoperable network architectures, alongside current technological offers. We noted that such approaches should maintain or enhance security, performance, energy efficiency and resilience, and could stimulate the emergence of new entrants to the market both now and in the future. 1.5 Our officials will continue this discussion later in the year, and will establish expert points of contact to advance long term collaboration, including with industry, civil society, multilateral fora and other relevant stakeholders, and to share best practices.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/ict/2021-digital-tech-declaration.html
  7. [7] Ministerial Declaration: G7 Digital and Technology Ministers, 28. April 2021: „2. A Framework for G7 Collaboration on Digital Technical Standards: 2.1 The industry-led digital technical standards ecosystem has been a catalyst for the growth and adoption of the Internet and digital technologies. We recognise the significant and positive role that digital technical standards have in supporting the global economy and society. We recognise that the way in which digital technical standards are developed and deployed has a real world impact on citizens and societies. 2.2.Therefore, building on the 2017 Italian G7 ICT and Industry Ministerial Declaration, we reiterate our strong support for industry-led, inclusive, multi-stakeholder approaches for the development of technical standards. It is essential that the development of digital technical standards continues to be underpinned by transparency, openness of process and participation, relevance and consensus-based decision-making in line with core principles for standards development. 2.3 We commit to international collaboration within the G7 and with like-minded partners in relevant fora to ensure that the development of digital technical standards supports our core values. We will work with stakeholders to ensure inclusive digital technical standards development processes for areas such as the Internet, telecommunications and emerging digital technologies. In particular, we will work with stakeholders towards the more inclusive development of Internet protocols that contribute to and protect the continuing evolution of an open, interoperable, reliable and secure internet, one that is unfragmented, supports freedom, innovation and trust, and empowers people. We firmly state our opposition to any government-imposed approaches that fundamentally seek to reshape the digital technical standards ecosystem. 2.4 To deliver this, we have endorsed a Framework for Collaboration (Annex 1) which sets out areas for G7 and like minded partners' collaboration on digital technical standards and offers a pathway for constructive engagement.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/ict/2021-digital-tech-declaration.html
  8. [8] G7 Digital and Technology Track – Annex 1: Framework for G7 Collaboration on Digital Technical Standards, G7 Digital and Technology Ministers, 28. April 2021, in: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/ict/2021-annex_1-framework-standards.html
  9. [9] Ministerial Declaration: G7 Digital and Technology Ministers, 28. April 2021: „3. A G7 Roadmap for Cooperation on Data Free Flow with Trust: 3.1.The ability to move data across borders is essential for economic growth and innovation. COVID-19 has demonstrated the need for data free flow with trust and its role in the global recovery. 3.2.We recognise the importance of unlocking the power of data in our economies and our societies, while continuing to address challenges related to privacy, data protection, intellectual property rights, and security. 3.3.We believe that it is vital we work together to better leverage the potential of valuable data-driven technologies, promote international cooperation to drive benefits for our economies and societies, and ensure personal data are appropriately protected, while recognising our varied approaches to data governance. 3.4 Building on the 2019 G20 Osaka Leaders' Declaration, the 2019 G20 Ministerial Statement on Trade and Digital Economy, and the 2020 G20 Leaders' Riyadh Declaration, we will draw upon our shared values as like-minded, democratic, open and outward looking nations to support a plan of work which realises the benefits of data free flow with trust. 3.5 To deliver this, we endorse a Roadmap for Cooperation on Data Free Flow with Trust (Annex 2) which sets out our plan for delivering tangible progress on this agenda, building confidence for businesses and individuals to use technology, as well as driving economic and social value. As part of this Roadmap, we will work to accelerate the development of mutually acceptable data sharing practices for agreed priority sectors, and we will build evidence on the economic and societal impacts of data localisation measures. We will also champion progress of the OECD's work on 'Mapping commonalities in regulatory approaches to cross-border data transfers' and on trusted 'Government access to personal data held by the private sector'.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/ict/2021-digital-tech-declaration.html
  10. [10] Ministerial Declaration: G7 Digital and Technology Ministers, 28. April 2021: „4. G7 Internet Safety Principles: 4.1 We recognise that actions by governments, companies, academia, civil society and individuals are improving internet safety and we note the positive steps taken by companies to keep their users safe in a responsible and risk-based way. In line with our domestic approaches, we believe that further steps from governments, companies, academia, civil society and other interested stakeholders should be taken to improve internet safety, including to educate and empower people of all ages to increase access and knowledge, enabling users to make informed and safe choices online. These steps should also support our shared values as open and democratic societies, and respect human rights and fundamental freedoms. 4.2. We note that despite some positive steps and technological improvement, harmful content and activity remains widespread online. This undermines our democratic values, risks the physical safety and wellbeing of children and vulnerable user groups, reduces online participation and diminishes trust in the online environment. 4.3 We endorse the G7 Internet Safety Principles (Annex 3) which demonstrate our support for a set of underpinning principles to guide G7 approaches to improving online safety, and a set of operational principles where consensus exists for specific action.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/ict/2021-digital-tech-declaration.html
  11. [11] G7 Digital and Technology Track – Annex 3: G7 Internet Safety Principles, G7 Digital and Technology Ministers, 28. April 2021, Underpinning Principles: 1. Fostering Human Rights Online: We COMMIT to promoting and protecting the exercise of all human rights online, including, but not limited to, freedom of opinion and expression (including the right to seek, receive or impart information), as well as the right to privacy as set out in Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; and we will help more people to enjoy their right to freedom of expression by enabling them to participate in online activities and engage in robust debate online. 2. Multi-Stakeholder Approach: We will CONTINUE our support for a multi-stakeholder approach to policy-making, working with companies, civil society, academics and representative groups, in particular those who are especially impacted (including, but not limited to, women, the elderly, persons with disabilities, children, minority ethnic and religious groups), to reflect their experiences and voices in decision-making about improving internet safety and reducing harmful online content and activity. 3. Corporate Responsibility: We BELIEVE that, including as part of their corporate social responsibility, companies should have the systems and processes in place, including safety by design principles, to take appropriate action with relevant stakeholders, including civil society and academia, to improve internet safety and reduce illegal and harmful content and activity in the online environments that they create, while respecting human rights online. 4. Transparency and Accountability: We BELIEVE that companies should be transparent, including with consumers, about the presence of known illegal and harmful activity on their services, and the decisions and measures taken to improve internet safety, as well as be accountable for the decisions made to counter illegal and harmful content in line with their terms and conditions at global, national, and regional levels.5. Research and Best Practice in Safety Technology: We COMMIT to sharing information, research and best practice for the development and adoption of safety technology, and to supporting innovation that drives digital growth and URGE providers of consumer services online to ground their internet safety policies and practices in research and evidence. 6. Protecting Children: We BELIEVE that companies designing, providing or using services for children, or online spaces that may be used by children, should prioritise the protection of children on their services and provide safety measures to ensure children are protected from both illegal and harmful content and activity, in line with the upcoming OECD Recommendation on the Protection of Children in the Digital Environment. 7. Online Media Literacy: We BELIEVE that governments, companies, civil society, academia and other interested stakeholders need to educate and empower people of all ages with the skills, digital competence, access and knowledge they need to make informed and safe choices online; and evaluate and develop domestic approaches to keep pace with new technologies and their applications. 8. Youth Participation: We BELIEVE young people can be active agents for change and we have the responsibility to empower young people to shape conversations and play a positive and active role in promoting and improving internet safety.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/ict/2021-annex_3-internet-safety.html
  12. [12] Ministerial Declaration: G7 Digital and Technology Ministers, 28. April 2021: „5. Deepening Cooperation on Digital Competition: 5.1 Competitive digital markets drive innovation across the global economy, enhance consumer choice and allow the sectors that rely on the digital economy to flourish. However, there is increasing international concern that participants with significant market power can abuse that power to hold back digital markets and the wider economy. We recognise it is in our shared interest to coordinate and cooperate. 5.2 We will therefore build upon the 2019 French G7 Presidency's common understanding on 'Competition and the Digital Economy', recognising the expanding evidence base and policy initiatives that have been, and continue to be, developed. By working together, including in existing international and multilateral fora, we can find coherent and complementary ways to encourage competition and support innovation in digital markets. We note various approaches taken around the world to address these challenges, but recognise that we will be most effective if we find commonalities between them; 5.3 To support existing workstreams on enforcement and policy related to digital competition, we will invite the UK's Competition and Markets Authority to convene a meeting of G7 competition authorities in 2021. The purpose of the meeting will be to discuss long term coordination and cooperation to better understand enforcement approaches, market characteristics and policy initiatives related to competition in digital markets, including in existing international and multilateral fora. 5.4 The coordination and cooperation between competition authorities should be complemented by increased coordination between policymakers. The UK will therefore also host relevant officials in 2021 to discuss the importance of promoting competition through regulatory policies for digital markets, including through further coordination with competition authorities. Both meetings will draw on expertise and evidence from G7 policymakers, competition authorities and other relevant work including from the OECD, and should subsequently report to the G7, highlighting outcomes and next steps.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/ict/2021-digital-tech-declaration.html
  13. [13] Ministerial Declaration: G7 Digital and Technology Ministers, 28. April 2021: „6. Framework for G7 Collaboration on Electronic Transferable Records: 6.1 Paper-based transactions, which still dominate international trade are a source of cost, delay, inefficiency, fraud, error and environmental impact. It is our shared view that by enabling businesses to use electronic transferable records we will generate efficiencies and economic savings. This will strengthen the resilience of our global economic system and play a crucial role in trade recovery across the G7. 6.2 We endorse our Framework for G7 collaboration on Electronic Transferable Records (Annex 4), through which we will initiate a dialogue between experts to work to achieve compatible domestic reforms, and provide collective support to other international initiatives seeking to facilitate and enable the adoption of electronic transferable records. 6.3 This Framework will champion the work of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and promote the adoption of legal frameworks compatible with the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records 2017. It will also support international efforts to facilitate legal reforms as well as ongoing work by other international fora on interoperability and cooperation on relevant regulatory issues to promote the use of electronic transferable records. This will also enable the private sector to adopt these digital solutions for their transactions.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/ict/2021-digital-tech-declaration.html
  14. [14] G7 Foreign and Development Ministers' Meeting, Mai 2021: Communiqué, London, 5. Mai 2021: „We reiterate our interest in stable and predictable relations with Russia. We nevertheless will continue to bolster our collective capabilities and those of our partners to address and deter Russian behaviour that is threatening the rules-based international order, including in the areas of cyberspace security and disinformation.“ In: https://www.g7uk.org/g7-foreign-and-development-ministers-meeting-may-2021-communique/
  15. [15] G7 Foreign and Development Ministers' Meeting, Mai 2021: Communiqué, London, 5. Mai 2021: „We encourage China to uphold its commitments to act responsibly in cyber space, including refraining from conducting or supporting cyber-enabled intellectual property theft.“ In: https://www.g7uk.org/g7-foreign-and-development-ministers-meeting-may-2021-communique/
  16. [16] G7 Foreign and Development Ministers' Meeting, Mai 2021: Communiqué, London, 5. Mai 2021: „49. We commit to championing media freedom as a vital part of upholding democracy and human rights around the world. We condemn intimidation, harassment and violence against journalists, noting that women, and those in marginalised and vulnerable situations, are disproportionately targets, both online and offline. We recognise the importance of diverse voices in shaping public debate, promoting transparency and ensuring accountability. 50. We welcome the work of the Media Freedom Coalition alongside other international initiatives and mechanisms, such as the Partnership for Information and Democracy, in striving to improve the media freedom environment globally and domestically. We welcome all efforts to defend media freedom through concerted diplomacy, advocacy and assistance. We ask our diplomatic missions to co-ordinate locally, including through the Coalition, to increase support to and engagement with journalists and independent media under threat. We each commit to lead by example, by undertaking domestic action, such as developing National Action Plans or similar measures, where appropriate, to improve the safety of journalists, access to information and sustainability of the media. 51. We recognise the importance of improving media sustainability, increasing access to independent and diverse media and supporting journalists, in the context of SDG 16.10. We commit to providing practical, technical and programmatic support to journalists and media, including through voluntary contributions to the Global Media Defence Fund where possible. We also commit to improving the effectiveness of our support to media by working together and with others to track, co-ordinate and share best practice in this area. 52. We are concerned about actions by states to intentionally disrupt their own populations' access to, or dissemination of, information, knowledge, and data online. Internet shutdowns and network restrictions undermine civic space, online and offline and unjustifiably limit access to information and the rights of peaceful assembly, association and freedom of expression online. We reaffirm our commitment to a multi-stakeholder approach to Internet governance and urge all countries, in accordance with their international legal obligations and commitments, to refrain from intentional disruptions that render Internet and mobile network services inaccessible or unusable, thereby undermining the exercise of individual rights and freedoms. We will improve our co-ordination, together with likeminded countries, civil society and the private sector, to address and respond to Internet shutdowns as they occur. We welcome the Freedom Online Coalition's Joint Statement and Accompanying Good Practices for Government on State-Sponsored Network Disruptions.“ In: https://www.g7uk.org/g7-foreign-and-development-ministers-meeting-may-2021-communique/
  17. [17] G7 Foreign and Development Ministers' Meeting, May 2021: Communiqué, London, 5. Mai 2021: „53. We commit to work together to further a common understanding of how existing international law applies to cyberspace, and to build on the work of the Open-Ended Working Group on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security (OEWG) and the UN Group of Governmental Experts on Advancing Responsible State Behaviour in Cyberspace in the Context of International Security (GGE), as well as the acquis of the G7, including the Dinard Declaration on the Cyber Norm Initiative, the Lucca Declaration on Responsible State Behaviour in Cyberspace and the Ise-Shima G7 Principles and Actions on Cyber. Our commitment to Open Societies extends to societies online, including the promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet as set out in General Assembly resolutions 68/167 and 69/166. We will continue to promote Internet freedom at the UN and other international fora including through the Freedom Online Coalition. 54. We reaffirm a shared commitment to uphold international law, which is an essential and binding element of the framework for state action in cyberspace, and applies to state behaviour in cyberspace just as it applies to activities in any other domain. We encourage all states to share their national positions on how existing international law applies to state behaviour in cyberspace. We will enhance efforts toward the promotion of this approach at the UN and other international fora.“ In: https://www.g7uk.org/g7-foreign-and-development-ministers-meeting-may-2021-communique/
  18. [18] G7 Trade Ministers' Communiqué, Virtual meeting, May 28, 2021: „Digital trade: 1. We believe that digital trade must be at the service of our people. Building on our discussions in March, we agree that global digital markets must be open, so that entrepreneurialism and innovation can thrive. We are united in our opposition to digital protectionism. We agree on the importance of data free flow with trust, and in this regard, we welcome and support the OECD's work on digital trade and data flows. We recognise that data localisation can impact data flows, with possible consequences for businesses, particularly micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. We recognise the importance of unlocking the power of data in our economies and our societies, while continuing to address challenges related to privacy, data protection, intellectual property rights, and security. 2. We believe that digital trade should be used to support jobs, raise living standards, and respond to the needs of consumers. Businesses must have a secure digital trading environment, with the highest standards of cybersecurity and robust defences against illicit or malign activity. We recognise that digitisation can make trade faster and more secure, so we resolve to use technology to cut red tape and simplify cross-border trading processes. We support a permanent prohibition of customs duties on electronic transmissions. Furthermore, we reaffirm our belief in fair and inclusive global governance for digital trade. We are committed to negotiating the E-commerce Joint Statement Initiative in an open, inclusive, and transparent way. We want the outcome to benefit workers, consumers, and businesses in developing economies, as well as those in developed economies. We will continue discussing these issues in the coming months, and we will adopt the G7's Digital Trade Principles at the Trade Ministers' Meeting in October.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/trade/210528-communique.html