Q3/2021 - G7-Treffen der Innenminister

London, 9. September 2021

Das Treffen der G7-Innenminister beschäftigte sich u.a. mit den jüngsten Cyberattacken und Erpressungsversuchen im Internet, dem Verhältnis von Verschlüsselung von privater Kommunikation und Verbrechensbekämpfung sowie mit der Bekämpfung von Terrorismus im Internet.

Die Minister verabschiedeten eine gesonderte Erklärung wie sie dem Missbrauch des Internets für extremistische und terroristische Propaganda begegnen wollen[1]. Eine solche Propaganda würde zunehmend zu einer Gefahr für die nationale Sicherheit der G7-Staaten. Die Minister forderten eine enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Regierungen, der Wirtschaft, der Zivilgesellschaft und der technischen Community, um diesem Missbrauch Einhalt zu gebieten. Dabei würdigten sie insbesondere die Arbeit des „Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism“ (GIFCT), den „Christchurch Call to Action“ und das „EU Internet Forum“ als gute Beispiele. Da terroristische Propaganda in vielen Sprachen verbreitet würde, bedürfe es aber größerer Anstrengungen, im nicht-englischen Sprachraum aktiv zu werden. Die in der Zusammenarbeit zwischen staatlichen und nicht-staatlichen Stakeholdern bisher entwickelten crisis response mechanisms wie das GIFCT Content Incident Protocol (CIP), das EU Crisis Protocol (EUCP) und der Christchurch Call to Action Crisis Response Protocol seien hilfreiche Instrumente, die auch bei den durch COVID-19 noch angewachsenen Missbrauchsfällen zur Anwendung kämen. Schwierig sei, dass viele dieser Attacken territorial schwer einzugrenzen seien, häufig anonym erfolgten und nicht immer einer designierten terroristischen Gruppe zuzurechnen seien. Die G7-Innenminister fordern mehr Investitionen in Bildung und Aufklärung sowie die Schaffung von öffentlichem Bewusstsein, um breitere Bevölkerungsschichten für die Gefahren extremistischer und terroristischer Propaganda im Internet zu sensibilisieren. Dabei müssten Lösungen gefunden werden, die die Freiheit und Offenheit des Internets nicht beschädigen. „We believe that we will create a safer internet environment for all internet users, maintaining our strong commitment to free, open and secure internet, which safeguards the free flow of information, and promotes and protects human rights and fundamental freedoms.“

Die G7-Innenminister beschäftigten sich auch mit der Frage der Verschlüsselung. Dabei forderten sie eine enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Regierungen und der Industrie. Bürger hätten einen Anspruch auf sichere und das heißt auch verschlüsselte private Kommunikation. Bürger hätten jedoch auch einen Anspruch, vor Kriminellen geschützt zu werden. Von der Industrie müsse man erwarten, dass sie sichere Hard- und Software auf den Markt bringt. Es dürfe aber nicht ein Gegeneinander von Regierung und Industrie geben. „We believe that it is right to expect internet technology companies to make decisions that reflect and take into account public safety protections; and that such decisions should be informed by consultation with representatives of Government in democratic societies. We believe that services should take steps both to secure and protect the confidentiality of digital communications and individuals' online activities and to protect public safety. We reject that, in democratic societies with strong human rights laws and procedural safeguards, there is inevitably a choice to be made between either protecting the confidentiality of digital communications and other activities or protecting our citizens from harm“[2].

Die Minister beschäftigten sich auch mit dem Anwachsen von Cyberangriffen und dem Einsatz von Erpressungssoftware gegen öffentliche und private Institutionen wie Krankenhäuser, Schulen, öffentliche Verwaltungen oder private Unternehmen. Auch hier wurde auf der Suche nach entsprechenden Antworten auf das Multistakeholder-Prinzip verwiesen. Um den Kriminellen das Handwerk zu legen, bedürfe es einer breiten Zusammenarbeit aller Betroffenen und Beteiligten sowie innovativer politischer Lösungen und neuen Formen grenzüberschreitender Kollaboration. Für Ende 2021 wurde die Organisation eines „Extraordinary Senior Officials Forum on Ransomware“ angekündigt, an dem alle Stakeholder, involvierte Organisationen wie ENISA, Interpol, UNODC, FAT sowie die Justiz- und Innenminister der G7-Staaten teilnehmen sollten[3].

Mehr zum Thema
Q3/2021G7
  1. [1] G7 Home, Justice, Interior and Security Ministers, Annex 1: Statement on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Terrorism Online, London, 9. September 2021: „1. We recognise the immense benefits the internet brings to society. However, we acknowledge the misuse of the internet by violent extremist and terrorist actors remains a significant threat to the security of G7 nations. We acknowledge the importance of governments working in partnership with industry and civil society to tackle violent extremist and terrorist use of the internet in a coordinated, inclusive way, whilst promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, building on the commitments set out in the G7 Biarritz Declaration from 2019 and previous G7 statements. 2. We recognise the work of the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT) in enabling an enhanced, multi-stakeholder approach to tackling terrorism and violent extremism online, and welcome the achievements made by the Christchurch Call to Action since its adoption in May 2019. We also recognise the valuable work of the EU Internet Forum and Aqaba Process. We welcome the GIFCT's transformation into an independent NGO. We stress the importance of expanding GIFCT membership to include a broader range of technology companies, including smaller platforms, video game platforms, and internet infrastructure providers, and recognise the important role of the GIFCT's delivery partners to achieve this. 4. We also support the GIFCT's efforts to be a diverse, global organisation focussed on tackling violent extremist and terrorist content in all forms, and, to this end, note the need for a greater focus on tackling non-English language content. 5. We note the importance of effective and coordinated crisis response mechanisms to minimise the spread of terrorist or violent extremist content online stemming from a real-world event, including live-streamed video, audio and images, and welcome work undertaken within the GIFCT and Christchurch Call to Action to date to achieve this. We encourage increased coordination between governments, industry and civil society to further strengthen and integrate crisis response mechanisms, such as the GIFCT Content Incident Protocol (CIP), the EU Crisis Protocol (EUCP) and the Christchurch Call to Action Crisis Response Protocol. In particular, we note the need for greater coordination in situations that do not currently meet the GIFCT threshold for action. 6. We acknowledge the need to develop a robust, collective understanding of how COVID-19 has altered the ways in which violent extremists and terrorists misuse the Internet. 7. We believe that it is important that industry addresses all forms of terrorist and violent extremist content in a robust way, including violent extremism and terrorism referred to by some governments as extreme right-wing terrorism, by some governments as far-right extremism and by others as a form of racially, ethnically or other ideologically motivated violent extremism or terrorism, which may incorporate a range of hateful, xenophobic, misogynistic, anti-government, anti-authority and other violent grievances that may lead to mobilisation of violence. We acknowledge the need to better define and address content of this type, whilst respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms. We also acknowledge the enduring threat posed by ideologically-motivated violent extremism and terrorism, including by self-declared Islamist terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and their affiliates.8. We note the utility of government proscriptions of terrorist groups in enabling a strong response to violent extremist and terrorist content online. However, we recognise the challenges associated with an online threat picture that is borderless, largely anonymous, and is characterised to a greater extent by loose collections of individuals than it is by formal group structures, who may not have affiliations with proscribed or designated terrorist groups, and the implications of this for content moderation. 9. We call on industry and governments to develop more innovative and consistent approaches to tackling all forms of violent extremist and terrorist content, including by addressing violent extremist and terrorist activity regardless of whether it was produced by, or linked to, an organisation with a formal terrorist designation, in a manner consistent with national and international law, including international human rights law. We call on industry to address content inciting terrorist or violent extremist acts, which contribute to radicalisation to violence and the perpetration of real-world violent acts, whilst respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms. We also note the importance of industry and governments standing ready to respond quickly and innovatively to those seeking to exploit the situation in Afghanistan, including to radicalise, recruit and inspire people to terrorism online, while respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms. 10. We note the importance of preventative measures both online and offline, and building long-term resilience to violent extremist and terrorist narratives by cultivating critical thinking skills, digital literacy, and online public safety awareness through education at all levels, including through partnerships with industry, civil society and academia. We also recognise the importance of hindering the spread of terrorist content by ensuring its quick removal. 11. By working together to address the issues outlined in this Statement, we believe that we will create a safer internet environment for all internet users, maintaining our strong commitment to free [1], open and secure internet, which safeguards the free flow of information, and promotes and protects human rights and fundamental freedoms.“ In: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/justice/2021-Annex-1.html
  2. [2] G7 London Interior Commitments, 9. September 2021: „02.A Internet technology industry and public safety: 19. Online privacy and security safeguards, such as strong encryption, are critical to protecting our citizens online and serve a vital purpose in repressive states to protect journalists, human rights defenders and vulnerable people. But citizens should also be able to go about their lives safely, and internet technology companies who design and deliver services without considering the implications for the safety of our citizens risk enabling or exacerbating other harms, online and offline. 20. We believe that it is right to expect internet technology companies to make decisions that reflect and take into account public safety protections; and that such decisions should be informed by consultation with representatives of Government in democratic societies. 21. We believe that services should take steps both to secure and protect the confidentiality of digital communications and individuals' online activities and to protect public safety. We reject that, in democratic societies with strong human rights laws and procedural safeguards, there is inevitably a choice to be made between either protecting the confidentiality of digital communications and other activities or protecting our citizens from harm. 22. We will work together to maintain tightly controlled lawful access to communications content that is vital to the investigation and prosecution of serious crimes including terrorism and child abuse.23. We will work in partnership with internet technology companies to do this to protect the safety of our citizens, and we call upon such companies to recognise and act upon this responsibility. 24. We will aim to share respective approaches when considering further regulation within our existing domestic regulatory frameworks, based upon existing international and domestic legal obligations, including international human rights law, and relevant commitments“, siehe: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/justice/2021-London-Interior-Commitments.html
  3. [3] G7 London Interior Commitments, 9. September 20214.A Fighting cybercrime, including ransomware: 55. We build upon the commitment of G7 Leaders to urgently address the escalating shared threat from criminal ransomware networks. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there has been an unprecedented increase in cybercrime globally, including ransomware incidents targeting businesses, schools, hospitals and other critical national infrastructure. We recognise the need to scale up efforts to tackle the growing threat of ransomware and note the need for collaboration. By working together, we can build global resilience to ransomware incidents and combat ransomware through law enforcement action, innovative policy solutions and international cooperation. 56. For this reason, we commit to holding an Extraordinary Senior Officials Forum on ransomware by the end of 2021. This Forum should bring together expertise from international organisations such as the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity, Financial Action Taskforce, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, INTERPOL, Council of Europe and Europol, foreign, justice and interior ministries from across the G7 to find practical policy solutions to this issue. We task our governments and the Roma-Lyon Group to develop proposals on technical assistance, policy cooperation and raising public awareness.57. We will work together to escalate significantly the costs of carrying out such criminal activity in order to protect our citizens from this threat.“, siehe: http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/justice/2021-London-Interior-Commitments.html