Q3/2021 - Vereinte Nationen

UN-Generalsekretär António Guterres, Our Common Agenda , 12. September 2021

Am Vorabend der 76. UN-Vollversammlung legte UN-Generalsekretär António Guterres am 12. September 2021 einen Bericht unter dem Titel „Our Common Agenda“ vor. Die Agenda enthält strategische Zielvorgaben für den Zeitraum bis 2030. Die Agenda umfasst insgesamt 12 Aktionsfelder, die nahezu alle durch die UN-Charta abgedeckte Bereiche, darunter auch Cyber- und Digitalthemen, betreffen. Guterres plant eine hochrangige Beratergruppe aus ehemaligen Staats- und Regierungschefs zu bilden, die Empfehlungen für die Veranstaltung eines UN-Zukunftsgipfel (UN Summit on the Future) im Jahre 2023 erarbeiten sollen. [1] 2023 jährt sich zum 65. Mal die Verabschiedung der UN-Menschenrechtsdeklaration.

  • Im Bereich der digitalen Zusammenarbeit schlägt Guterres, aufbauend auf seiner „Roadmap for Digital Cooperation“ (Juni 2020), die Ausarbeitung eines neuen „Global Digital Compact“ vor. [2] Nach seinen Vorschlägen soll der „Compact“ die folgenden sieben Elemente enthalten:
    • Connect all people to the Internet, including all schools;
    • Avoid Internet fragmentation;
    • Protect data;
    • Apply human rights online;
    • Introduce accountability criteria for discrimination and misleading content;
    • Promote regulation of artificial intelligence;
    • Digital commons as a global public good.
  • Teil der „Common Agenda“ soll auch eine neue “Agenda for Peace“ sein. Diese Agenda sollte Maßnahmen zum Verbot von Cyberangriffen auf kritische Infrastrukturen, Mechanismen zur De-Eskalation bei cyberbasierten Risiken und Spannungen sowie Begrenzungen oder Verbote bei der Entwicklung und Anwendung autonomer Waffensysteme enthalten. [3] 
  • Im Bereich der Menschenrechte geht es Guterres zunächst um die Überwindung der digitalen Spaltung. Den drei Milliarden Menschen, die noch keinen Zugang zum Internet haben, müsste dies bis spätestens 2030 ermöglicht werden. Die durch das Internet geschaffenen neuen öffentlichen Räume seien als eine Art gemeinsames Erbe der Menschheit zu betrachten und als öffentliches Gut zu behandeln. Sie gelte es im Gemeinschaftsinteresse zu gestalten. Ein wichtiger Teil sei dabei die Bekämpfung von Fake News, Hate Speech und Lügen, die zunehmend die geistige Umwelt der Menschheit verschmutzen. Guterres fordert einen Verhaltenskodex für die Verbreitung von Information, einen „Code of conduct that promotes integrity in public information… With recent concerns about trust and mistrust linked to technology and the digital space, it is also time to understand, better regulate and manage our digital commons as a global public good." [4] 

76. UN-Vollversammlung, 21. September 2021

Am 21. September 2021 begann die 76. UN-Vollversammlung. Zahlreiche Staats- und Regierungschefs äußerten sich bei ihren Reden auch zu den Themen Cybersicherheit, Digitalwirtschaft und Internet Governance.

  • UN-Generalsekretär António Guterres warb in seiner Eröffnungsrede für die Umsetzung seiner „Roadmap for Digital Cooperation“. Noch hätten drei Milliarden Menschen keinen Zugang zum Internet. Diese digitale Spaltung gelte es zu überwinden. Die Digitalisierung hätte viele neue Möglichkeiten geschaffen, sei aber mit immer größeren Gefahren und Missbräuchen verbunden.
    • Guterres kritisierte die immer weniger durchschaubare Vermarktung von persönlichen Daten. „Our behavior patterns are being commodified and sold like futures contracts. Our data is also being used to influence our perceptions and opinions. Governments and others can exploit it to control or manipulate people’s behaviour, violating human rights of individuals or groups, and undermining democracy. This is not science fiction. This is today’s reality.“
    • Beim Thema Cybersicherheit wiederholte der UN-Generalsekretär seine Forderungen nach einem Verbot von autonomen Waffensystemen. Solche Systeme könnten selbständig Ziele suchen und Menschen töten. Er gab seiner Befürchtung Ausdruck, dass eine Cyberattacke zum Auslöser eines realen Krieges werden könnte und beklagte das Fehlen eines entsprechenden verbindlichen Rechtsrahmens, um solche möglichen Konflikte angemessen und in Übereinstimmung mit der UN-Charta zu regeln. [5] 
  • Der amerikanische Präsident Joe Biden sprach in seiner Rede ausführlich über die Möglichkeiten der Digitalisierung und die Gefahren von Cyberattacken. Neue Technologie könnten zur Befreiung von Menschen oder zu deren Unterdrückung eingesetzt werden. Die Zukunft aber gehöre denen, die die Menschenwürde an erste Stelle setzen und nicht auf ihr herumtrampeln. Autoritäre Regimes mögen denken, dass im 21. Jahrhundert das Ende der Demokratie bevorstehe. Das sei ein großer Irrtum. Biden machte deutlich, dass die USA ihre Cyberverteidigung auf den neuesten Stand gebracht haben und auf entsprechende Angriffe nachhaltig reagieren würden. Eine solches Herangehen sei in völliger Übereinstimmung mit den Zielen und Grundsätzen der Charta der Vereinten Nationen: „We’re hardening our critical infrastructure against cyberattacks, disrupting ransomware networks, and working to establish clear rules of the road for all nations as it relates to cyberspace. We reserve the right to respond decisively to cyberattacks that threaten our people, our allies, or our interests. Our approach is firmly grounded and fully consistent with the United Nations’ mission and the values we’ve agreed to when we drafted this Charter.“ Gleichzeitig unterstrich Biden, dass die USA kein Interesse daran haben, die Welt in neue, sich feindlich gegenüberstehenden Blöcke zu spalten. Die USA wollten keinen „kalten Krieg im Cyberspace“. [6]
  • Der chinesische Präsident Xi Jinping warb in seiner Rede für einen „wahren Multilateralismus“. Die Welt sei groß genug, um verschiedene Modelle der Gesellschaftsentwicklung zu ermöglichen: „A world of peace and development should embrace civilizations of various forms, and must accommodate diverse paths to modernization.“ Demokratie sei kein Recht, das ein einzelnes Land für sich reklamieren könne. Militärische Interventionen zur Förderung einer sogenannten Demokratisierung würde nichts als Schaden anrichten. Die Welt sollte sich nicht in „kleinen Zirkeln“ organisieren. Das würde zu „Nullsummen-Spielen“ mit Gewinnern und Verlierern führen. Es gehe stattdessen darum, „Win-Win-Situationen“ zu schaffen. Das gelte auch für die digitale Zusammenarbeit und die Kooperation im Cyberspace. Dafür seien die Vereinten Nationen der beste Platz: „We must improve global governance and practice true multilateralism. In the world, there is only one international system, i.e. the international system with the United Nations at its core. There is only one international order, i.e. the international order underpinned by international law. And there is only one set of rules, i.e. the basic norms governing international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter. The U.N. should hold high the banner of true multilateralism and serve as the central platform for countries to jointly safeguard universal security, share development achievements and chart the course for the future of the world. The U.N. should stay committed to ensuring a stable international order, increasing the representation and say of developing countries in international affairs, and taking the lead in advancing democracy and rule of law in international relations“. [7]
  • Der russische Außenminister Sergei Lawrow warnte vor einer Militarisierung des Internet und einem Wettrüsten im Cyberspace. Die Vereinten Nationen seien der richtige Platz und die in der UN-Charta verankerten Völkerrechtsnormen wie Souveränität der Staaten und Nichteinmischung in die inneren Angelegenheiten anderer Länder seien die richtigen Grundlagen, um Normen für ein verantwortungsbewusstes Verhalten von Staaten im Cyberspace sowie eine rechtsverbindliche Konvention im Kampf gegen Cyberkriminalität auszuarbeiten. [8]
  • Die Präsidentin von Estland Kersti Kaljulaid verwies in ihrer Rede vor der 76. UN-Vollversammlung vor allem auf die Möglichkeiten der Digitalisierung zur Förderung von Demokratie und Selbstbestimmung. Digitale Technologien sollten nicht repressiven Staaten helfen, effektiver zu werden. Daher sei eine Verständigung über ein regulatives Rahmenwerk – „Shared Framework“ – wichtig. Kaljulaid verwies auf die von Estland angestoßene Debatte im UN-Sicherheitsrat zur Cybersicherheit und auf das „Tallin Manual“, das mittlerweile als eine authentische Rechtsquelle zur Interpretation der Anwendung des Völkerrechts im Cyberspace anerkannt wird. Sie begrüßte die neuen UN-Diskussionen zu Cybersicherheit und Cyberkriminalität und setzte sich dafür ein, bei diesen Diskussionen nicht-staatliche Akteure aus der Wirtschaft, der Wissenschaft und der Zivilgesellschaft angemessen einzubeziehen: „Discussions on cybersecurity and cybercrime must ensure that we make a concentrated effort to implement the rules of the road we already have.“ And she added: „We cannot go down this road without bringing companies and civil society along.“ [9]
  • Der deutsche Präsident Frank-Walter Steinmeier ist in seiner Rede vor der 76. UN-Vollversammlung am 24. September 2021 auf die Themen Digitalisierung oder Cybersicherheit nicht eingegangen. [10]

 

Büro des UN-Technology Envoy, September 2021

Das Büro des von UN-Generalsekretär António Guterres im Januar 2021 eingesetzten „UN Envoy of Technology“ hat seine Aktivitäten schrittweise erweitert. Wichtigste Aktivität im 3. Quartal 2021 war die Serie von Multistakeholder-Rundtischgesprächen und Workshops, die die Eröffnungswoche der 76. UN-Vollversammlung begleiteten.

  • Insgesamt fanden 23 solche Veranstaltungen statt. Dabei wurden nahezu alle in der „Roadmap for Digital Cooperation“ angesprochenen Themen erfasst. Die Konferenzserie war ein eindrucksvoller Beleg für die Nützlichkeit der Einbeziehung nicht-staatlicher Stakeholder in UN-Debatten zum Internet. Neben zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen wie Access Now, APC oder Global Digital Partner hatten sich auch zahlreiche Unternehmen wie Vodafone, Microsoft oder Facebook engagiert. Facebooks CEO Sheryl Sandberg, nahm persönlich an einem Workshop teil. Viele Workshops fanden in Kooperation mit UN-Organisationen wie UNESCO, ITU, FAO oder UNDP statt. Inwiefern die Berichte der 23 Workshops jedoch tatsächlich einfließen in die Verhandlungen der drei Ausschüsse der UN-Vollversammlung, die sich mit Internet-Themen befassen, bleibt abzuwarten. Es gibt kein formelles Verfahren, das Regierungen verpflichten würde, zu den Vorschlägen der Multistakeholder-Roundtables Stellung zu beziehen. [11]
  • Das Büro des UN-Tech Envoy steht nach wie vor unter der kommissarischen Leitung von Maria-Francesca Spatolisano, stellvertretende Direktorin von UNDESA. UN-Generalsekretär António Guterres hatte im Januar 2021 den chilenischen Diplomaten Fabrizio Hochschild als seinen „UN-Technology Envoy“ berufen. Hochschild war Sekretär des UN-High-Level Panel on Digital Cooperation und leitete die Aktivitäten der UNO im Zusammenhang mit dem 75. Jahrestag der Vereinten Nationen im Jahr 2020. Nach gegen ihn erhobenen persönlichen Vorwürfen ließ Hochschild im Januar 2021 sein Amt ruhen. Der Fall wird noch immer von der UN-Veraltung geprüft.

 

Mehr zum Thema
Q3/2021
  1. [1] OUR COMMON AGENDA, Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, New York, 12. September 2021: „The Summit would most appropriately be held in conjunction with the high-level week of the seventy-eighth session of the General Assembly and could include high-level tracks on: a) Advancing governance for global public goods and other areas, as appropriate, in the light of the findings of the Advisory Board; b) Anticipating sustainable development and climate action beyond 2030; c) Peace and security, for the new agenda for peace; d) Digital technology, for the Global Digital Compact; e) Outer space, to seek agreement on the sustainable and peaceful use of outer space, move towards a global regime to coordinate space traffic and agree on principles for the future governance of outer space activities; f) Major risks and agreement on an Emergency Platform; g) Succeeding generations, for possible agreement on a Declaration on Future Generations.“ In: https://www.un.org/en/content/common-agenda-report/assets/pdf/Common_Agenda_Report_English.pdf
  2. [2] OUR COMMON AGENDA, Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, New York, 12. September 2021: „The fourth industrial revolution has changed the world. The Internet has provided access to information for billions, thereby fostering collaboration, connection and sustainable development. It is a global public good that should benefit everyone, everywhere. But currently the potential harms of the digital domain risk overshadowing its benefits. Governance at the national and global levels has not kept pace with the inherently informal and decentralized nature of the Internet, which is dominated by commercial interests. Serious and urgent ethical, social and regulatory questions confront us, including with respect to the lack of accountability in cyberspace; the emergence of large technology companies as geopolitical actors and arbiters of difficult social questions without the responsibilities commensurate with their outsized profits; exacerbation of gender bias and male default thinking when women do not have an equal role in designing digital technologies, as well as digital harassment that has particularly targeted women and girls and pushed many women out of the public conversation; and the use of digital surveillance and manipulation to influence behaviour and control populations. International cooperation guided by international law. As underlined in the seventy-fifth anniversary declaration, the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law remain timeless, universal and an indispensable foundation for a more peaceful, prosperous and just world. International legal regimes underpin and are essential to the protection of the global commons and the delivery of many of the global public goods identified above, and more broadly to an international order based on respect for human rights and the rule of law. … It is time to protect the online space and strengthen its governance. I would urge the Internet Governance Forum to adapt, innovate and reform to support effective governance of the digital commons and keep pace with rapid, real-world developments. Furthermore, building on the recommendations of the road map for digital cooperation, the United Nations, Governments, the private sector and civil society could come together as a multi-stakeholder digital technology track in preparation for a Summit of the Future to agree on a Global Digital Compact. This would outline shared principles for an open, free and secure digital future for all. Complex digital issues that could be addressed may include: reaffirming the fundamental commitment to connecting the unconnected; avoiding fragmentation of the Internet; providing people with options as to how their data is used; application of human rights online; and promoting a trustworthy Internet by introducing accountability criteria for discrimination and misleading content. More broadly, the Compact could also promote regulation of artificial intelligence to ensure that this is aligned with shared global values.“ In: https://www.un.org/en/content/common-agenda-report/assets/pdf/Common_Agenda_Report_English.pdf
  3. [3] OUR COMMON AGENDA, Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, New York, 12. September 2021: „To achieve this, we need a new agenda for peace, potentially focusing on six core areas: a) Reducing strategic risks. I have already proposed to work with Member States to update our vision for disarmament so as to guarantee human, national and collective security, including through broader support for non-proliferation, a world free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, effective control of conventional weapons and regulation of new weapons of technology. The new agenda for peace could be an opportunity to take this forward, in particular through establishing stronger commitments for the non-use of nuclear weapons and a time frame for their elimination, ensuring continued cooperation to prevent and counter-terrorism, strengthening digital transformation and promoting innovation by United Nations peace and security entities, banning cyberattacks on civilian infrastructure, putting in place measures to de-escalate cyber-related risks and tensions, and establishing internationally agreed limits on lethal autonomous weapons systems.“ In: https://www.un.org/en/content/common-agenda-report/assets/pdf/Common_Agenda_Report_English.pdf
  4. [4] OUR COMMON AGENDA, Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, New York, 12. September 2021: „The Internet has altered our societies as profoundly as the printing press did, requiring a deep reimagining of the ethics and mindsets with which we approach knowledge, communication and cohesion. Along with the potential for more accessible information and rapid communication and consultation, the digital age, particularly social media, has also heightened fragmentation and “echo chambers”. Objectivity, or even the idea that people can aspire to ascertain the best available truth, has come increasingly into question. The goal of giving equal balance to competing points of view can come at the expense of impartiality and evidence, distorting the public debate. The ability to cause large-scale disinformation and undermine scientifically established facts is an existential risk to humanity. While vigorously defending the right to freedom of expression everywhere, we must equally encourage societies to develop a common, empirically backed consensus on the public good of facts, science and knowledge. We must make lying wrong again. Institutions can be a “reality check” for societies, curbing disinformation and countering hate speech and online harassment, including of women and girls. I urge acceleration of our efforts to produce and disseminate reliable and verified information. The United Nations plays a key role in this regard, which it can continue to strengthen, building on models such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the World Meteorological Organization Scientific Advisory Panel or the Verified initiative for COVID-19. Other steps include support for public interest and independent media, regulation of social media, strengthening freedom of information or right to information laws and ensuring a prominent voice for science and expertise, for example through representation of science commissions in decision-making. A global code of conduct that promotes integrity in public information could be explored together with States, media outlets and regulatory bodies, facilitated by the United Nations. With recent concerns about trust and mistrust linked to technology and the digital space, it is also time to understand, better regulate and manage our digital commons as a global public good.“ In: https://www.un.org/en/content/common-agenda-report/assets/pdf/Common_Agenda_Report_English.pdf
  5. [5] UN Secretary-General’s address to the 76th Session of the UN General Assembly, António Guterres, 21. September 2021: „… Fifth, restoring trust and inspiring hope means bridging the digital divide. Half of humanity has no access to the internet. We must connect everyone by 2030. This is the vision of my Roadmap for Digital Co-operation — to embrace the promise of digital technology while protecting people from its perils. One of the greatest perils we face is the growing reach of digital platforms and the use and abuse of data. A vast library of information is being assembled about each of us. Yet we don’t even have the keys to that library. We don’t know how this information has been collected, by whom or for what purposes. But we do know our data is being used commercially — to boost corporate profits. Our behavior patterns are being commodified and sold like futures contracts. Our data is also being used to influence our perceptions and opinions. Governments and others can exploit it to control or manipulate people’s behaviour, violating human rights of individuals or groups, and undermining democracy. This is not science fiction. This is today’s reality. And it requires a serious discussion. So, too, do other dangers in the digital frontier. I am certain, for example, that any future major confrontation — and heaven forbid it should ever happen — will start with a massive cyberattack. Where are the legal frameworks to address this? Autonomous weapons can today choose targets and kill people without human interference. They should be banned. But there is no consensus on how to regulate those technologies. To restore trust and inspire hope, we need to place human rights at the centre of our efforts to ensure a safe, equitable and open digital future for all.“ In: https://www.un.org/sg/en/node/259283
  6. [6] Remarks by President Biden Before the 76th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, September 21, 2021: „Instead of continuing to fight the wars of the past, we are fixing our eyes on devoting our resources to the challenges that hold the keys to our collective future: ending this pandemic; addressing the climate crisis; managing the shifts in global power dynamics; shaping the rules of the world on vital issues like trade, cyber, and emerging technologies; and facing the threat of terrorism as it stands today. U.S. military power must be our tool of last resort, not our first, and it should not be used as an answer to every problem we see around the world. ….As we deal with these crises, we’re also encountering a new era — an era of new technologies and possibilities that have the potential to release and reshape every aspect of human existence. And it’s up to all of us to determine whether these technologies are a force to empower people or to deepen repression. As new technologies continue to evolve, we’ll work together with our democratic partners to ensure that new advances in areas from biotechnology, to quantum computing, 5G, artificial intelligence, and more are used to lift people up, to solve problems, and advance human freedom — not to suppress dissent or target minority communities. … We’re hardening our critical infrastructure against cyberattacks, disrupting ransomware networks, and working to establish clear rules of the road for all nations as it relates to cyberspace. We reserve the right to respond decisively to cyberattacks that threaten our people, our allies, or our interests. Our approach is firmly grounded and fully consistent with the United Nations’ mission and the values we’ve agreed to when we drafted this Charter. All the major powers of the world have a duty, in my view, to carefully manage their relationships so they do not tip from responsible competition to conflict. The United States will compete, and will compete vigorously, and lead with our values and our strength. We’ll stand up for our allies and our friends and oppose attempts by stronger countries to dominate weaker ones, whether through changes to territory by force, economic coercion, technological exploitation, or disinformation. But we’re not seeking — I’ll say it again — we are not seeking a new Cold War or a world divided into rigid blocs. The United States is ready to work with any nation that steps up and pursues peaceful resolution to shared challenges, even if we have intense disagreements in other areas. …The future will belong to those who embrace human dignity, not trample it. The future will belong to those who unleash the potential of their people, not those who stifle it. The future will belong to those who give their people the ability to breathe free, not those who seek to suffocate their people with an iron hand. Authoritarianism — the authoritarianism of the world may seek to proclaim the end of the age of democracy, but they’re wrong.“ In: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/09/21/remarks-by-president-biden-before-the-76th-session-of-the-united-nations-general-assembly/
  7. [7] Rede des chinesischen Präsidenten Xi Jinping vor der 76. UN-Vollversammlung, New York, 22. September 2021: „A world of peace and development should embrace civilizations of various forms, and must accommodate diverse paths to modernization. Democracy is not a special right reserved to an individual country, but a right for the people of all countries to enjoy. Recent developments in the global situation show once again that military intervention from the outside and so-called democratic transformation entail nothing but harm. We need to advocate peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom, which are the common values of humanity, and reject the practice of forming small circles or zero-sum games. Differences and problems among countries, hardly avoidable, need to be handled through dialogue and cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual respect. One country's success does not have to mean another country's failure, and the world is big enough to accommodate common development and progress of all countries. We need to pursue dialogue and inclusiveness over confrontation and exclusion. We need to build a new type of international relations based on mutual respect, equity, justice and win-win cooperation, and do the best we can to expand the convergence of our interests and achieve the biggest synergy possible…. we must improve global governance and practice true multilateralism. In the world, there is only one international system, i.e. the international system with the United Nations at its core. There is only one international order, i.e. the international order underpinned by international law. And there is only one set of rules, i.e. the basic norms governing international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter. The U.N. should hold high the banner of true multilateralism and serve as the central platform for countries to jointly safeguard universal security, share development achievements and chart the course for the future of the world. The U.N. should stay committed to ensuring a stable international order, increasing the representation and say of developing countries in international affairs, and taking the lead in advancing democracy and rule of law in international relations. The U.N. should advance, in a balanced manner, work in all the three areas of security, development and human rights. It should set common agenda, highlight pressing issues and focus on real actions, and see to it that commitments made by all parties to multilateralism are truly delivered.“ In: https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Xi-Jinping-s-full-speech-at-the-U.N.-s-76th-General-Assembly2
  8. [8] Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s address at the General Debate of the 76th session of the General Assembly, New York, 25. September, 2021: „Among new challenges and threats is also some states’ intention to militarise the Internet and unleash a cyber arms race. Russia advocates agreeing upon ways to ensure international information security at the UN platform. Here again, the process should not be based on anyone’s “special rules” but rather on universal agreements allowing countries to examine any concerns in a transparent manner, relying on facts. This is the goal of our initiatives on elaborating uniform norms of states’ responsible behaviour in the use of information and communications technology and on preparing a universal convention on combatting cybercrime.“ In: https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4867111
  9. [9] Address of the President of Estonia, Kersti Kaljulaid, to the 76th UN General Assembly (UNGA), 25. September, 2021: „The digital transformation and the integrated data economy are one of the greatest opportunities for our future and makes countries more efficient. This is particularly important for small countries with limited resources. There is also another important aspect of the digitalisation we can never forget - digital as an equaliser. In order to prevent the emergence of the digital inequality and division, last year Estonia and Singapore were co-sponsoring a Global Declaration on the Digital Response to COVID -19, “Close the Digital Divides: the Digital Response to COVID-19”. Of course, the value we can extract from tools is contingent upon their utility—the manner in and the purpose for which those tools are used. We must not help repressive states become more efficient. Instead, we have to help those who are keen on using digital tools for the benefit of their citizens, not to their detriment and oppression. It is important for Estonia that the basis of our cooperation are shared values, principles, and interests—all of which fundamentally hinge on trust, particularly trust created through digital means. At the recent Tallinn Digital Summit we discussed how to utilise trust, transparency, and the free flow of data to make large-scale, cross-border infrastructure investments trustworthy. Collective concern of governments and international organizations demonstrated the need for a shared framework to underpin our cooperation — Trusted Connectivity. This framework articulates the common vocabulary, interest, values, principles, and standards necessary for us to safeguard democracy and to ensure democratic countries respond to the global demand for physical and digital infrastructure by offering a higher-quality, higher-standard alternative to those connectivity providers who do not share our love of free societies. Estonia has been since the early days among the creators of the normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace. At its heart is international law, including the UN Charter in its entirety, international humanitarian law, human rights law. As the host nation of the independent Tallinn Manual, which is starting its third run, we emphasise this wholeheartedly. As an elected member of the Security Council, we were pleased to host the very first official discussion on cybersecurity in the Council earlier this year, which allowed us to raise awareness on threats to international peace and security stemming from the malicious use of cyberspace and create momentum for the implementation of our existing framework. Discussions on cybersecurity and cybercrime must ensure that we make a concentrated effort to implement the rules of the road we already have. We cannot go down this road without bringing companies and civil society along.“ In: https://estatements.unmeetings.org/estatements/10.0010/20210922/QsJ9c7IoOl5b/0MIpapckJNR0_en.pdf
  10. [10] Rede des Präsidenten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Frank Walter Steinmeier vor der 76. UN-Vollversammlung, New York, 24. September 2021, in: https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/DE/Frank-Walter-Steinmeier/Reden/2021/09/210924-NY-Generaldebatte.html
  11. [11] Die folgenden Veranstaltungen wurden in Kooperation mit anderen UN-Organisationen sowie mit nicht-staatlichen Organisationen im Zeitraum zwischen den 15. September und dem 2.Oktobet 2021 in New York organisiert: 1. Digital Transformation Conference for Environmental Sustainability (UNEP West Asia Region), 2. The Broadband Commission Annual Fall Session 2021 (ITU), 3. Road to Addis: Partner2Connect Meeting (ITU), 4. Reimagining Education in Africa (African Union Commission, UNICEF), 5. Change the Face - Accelerating Diversity and Inclusion in the Tech Sector (Vodafone Group and members of the #ChangeTheFace alliance), 6. Let's future-proof 2030 success (Facebook), 7. UnMute Civil Society Dialogue (Denmark, Costa Rica, Global Focus and Action4Sustainable Development), 8. New and Emerging Technologies: Private Sector Responsibilities to Promote Human Dignity Online (Access Now, ICNL, ISHR, OHCHR), 9. Overcoming barriers to digital inclusion for older persons (Devex, in partnership with the American Association of Retired Persons). 10. Unlocking women’s potential for economic recovery (Facebook), 11. From Open Software to Open Culture (Digital Public Goods Alliance, UN Office of Information and Communications Technology, Office of the Envoy on Technology), 12. Securing our Digital Future (Foreign Policy, in partnership with Microsoft), 13. Shaping an inclusive digital age (Digital Cooperation Organization), 14. A business perspective on Climate Action (Global Enabling Sustainability Initiative (GeSI), with the support of ITU), 15. Promoting Transparency to Counter Disinformation and Build Trust (Office of the Envoy on Technology, UN Department of Global Communications, UN Global Pulse, UNDP, UNESCO, WHO), 16. From Open Software to Open Society (Digital Public Goods Alliance, UNDP, and Office of the Envoy on Technology), 17. Setting priorities for an inclusive digital transformation in Least developed countries (UNCDF), 18. Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue: Enhancing International Cooperation Mechanisms For Cybercrime And Cyberterrorism Investigations (UNIDR), 19. Investing in inclusive digitalisation: a government and investor roundtable (World Benchmarking Alliance), 20. Innovating against food loss and waste (ITU, FAO, with support of Mission of Andorra and Mission of San Marino), 21. Global Multi-stakeholder Forum on addressing hate speech through education (UNESCO and the UN Office on the Prevention of Genocide), 22. UN International Day of Older Persons (UNIDOP): Digital Equity for All Ages (American Association of Retired Persons, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Office of the Envoy on Technology), 23. Child Sexual Exploitation Online (UAE, UNICRI, and UNICEF), 24. AI for road safety - launch event (ITU and 38 UN Partners), in: https://www.un.org/techenvoy/news/digital-technology-related-events-during-UNGA76